Longest Words

(45) PNEUMONO­ULTRA­MICRO­SCOPIC­SILICO­VOLCANO­CONIOSIS (also spelled PNEUMONO­ULTRA­MICRO­SCOPIC­SILICO­VOLCANO­KONIOSIS)

= a lung disease caused by breathing in particles of siliceous volcanic dust.
This is the longest word in any English dictionary. However, it was coined by Everett Smith, the President of The National Puzzlers' League, in 1935 purely for the purpose of inventing a new "longest word". The Oxford English Dictionary described the word as factitious. Nevertheless it also appears in the Webster's, Random House, and Chambers dictionaries.
 
(37) HEPATICO­CHOLANGIO­CHOLECYST­ENTERO­STOMIES

= a surgical creation of a connection between the gall bladder and a hepatic duct and between the intestine and the gall bladder.
This is the longest word in Gould's Medical Dictionary.
 
(34) SUPER­CALI­FRAGI­LISTIC­EXPI­ALI­DOCIOUS

= song title from the Walt Disney movie Mary Poppins.
It is in the Oxford English Dictionary.

"But then one day I learned a word
That saved me achin' nose,
The biggest word you ever 'eard,
And this is 'ow it goes:
Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious!"  
(30) HIPPOPOTO­MONSTRO­SESQUIPED­AL­IAN

= pertaining to a very long word.
From Mrs. Byrne's Dictionary of Unusual, Obscure and Preposterous Words.
 
(29) FLOCCI­NAUCINI­HILIPIL­IFICATION

= an estimation of something as worthless.
This is the longest word in the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary. Interestingly the most common letter in English, E, does not appear in this word at all, whilst I occurs a total of nine times. The word dates back to 1741. The 1992 Guinness Book of World Records calls flocci­nauci­nihili­pilification the longest real word in the Oxford English Dictionary, and refers to pneumono­ultra­micro­scopic­silico­volcano­koniosis as the longest made-up one.
 
(28) ANTI­DIS­ESTABLISH­MENT­ARIAN­ISM

= the belief which opposes removing the tie between church and state.
Probably the most popular of the "longest words" in recent decades.
 
(27) HONORI­FICABILI­TUDINI­TATIBUS

= honorableness.
The word first appeared in English in 1599, and in 1721 was listed by Bailey's Dictionary as the longest word in English. It was used by Shakespeare in Love's Labor's Lost (Costard; Act V, Scene I):

"O, they have lived long on the alms-basket of words.
I marvel thy master hath not eaten thee for a word;
for thou art not so long by the head as
honorificabilitudinitatibus: thou art easier
swallowed than a flap-dragon." Shakespeare does not use any other words over 17 letters in length.
 
(27) ELECTRO­ENCEPHALO­GRAPHICALLY

=The longest unhyphenated word in Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th Ed.), joint with ethylene­diamine­tetraacetate (see below).
 
(27) ANTI­TRANSUB­STAN­TIA­TION­ALIST
= one who doubts that consecrated bread and wine actually change into the body and blood of Christ.
 
(21) DIS­PRO­PORTION­ABLE­NESS and (21) IN­COM­PREHEN­SIB­ILITIES

These are described by the 1992 Guinness Book of World Records as the longest words in common usage.
Some say SMILES is the longest word because there is a MILE between the first and last letters!

---

Chemical Terms

Two chemical terms (3,641 and 1,913 letters long) have appeared in the Guinness Book of World Records. They were withdrawn because they have never been used by chemists, and there is no theoretical limit to the length of possible legitimate chemical terms. A DNA molecule could have a name of over 1,000,000,000 letters if it was written out in full.  
(1,185) ACETYL­SERYL­TYROSYL­SERYL­ISO­LEUCYL­THREONYL­SERYL­PROLYL­SERYL­GLUTAMINYL­PHENYL­ALANYL­VALYL­PHENYL­ALANYL­LEUCYL­SERYL­SERYL­VALYL­TRYPTOPHYL­ALANYL­ASPARTYL­PROLYL­ISOLEUCYL­GLUTAMYL­LEUCYL­LEUCYL­ASPARAGINYL­VALYL­CYSTEINYL­THREONYL­SERYL­SERYL­LEUCYL­GLYCYL­ASPARAGINYL­GLUTAMINYL­PHENYL­ALANYL­GLUTAMINYL­THREONYL­GLUTAMINYL­GLUTAMINYL­ALANYL­ARGINYL­THREONYL­THREONYL­GLUTAMINYL­VALYL­GLUTAMINYL­GLUTAMINYL­PHENYL­ALANYL­SERYL­GLUTAMINYL­VALYL­TRYPTOPHYL­LYSYL­PROLYL­PHENYL­ALANYL­PROLYL­GLUTAMINYL­SERYL­THREONYL­VALYL­ARGINYL­PHENYL­ALANYL­PROLYL­GLYCYL­ASPARTYL­VALYL­TYROSYL­LYSYL­VALYL­TYROSYL­ARGINYL­TYROSYL­ASPARAGINYL­ALANYL­VALYL­LEUCYL­ASPARTYL­PROLYL­LEUCYL­ISOLEUCYL­THREONYL­ALANYL­LEUCYL­LEUCYL­GLYCYL­THREONYL­PHENYL­ALANYL­ASPARTYL­THREONYL­ARGINYL­ASPARAGINYL­ARGINYL­ISOLEUCYL­ISOLEUCYL­GLUTAMYL­VALYL­GLUTAMYL­ASPARAGINYL­GLUTAMINYL­GLUTAMINYL­SERYL­PROLYL­THREONYL­THREONYL­ALANYL­GLUTAMYL­THREONYL­LEUCYL­ASPARTYL­ALANYL­THREONYL­ARGINYL­ARGINYL­VALYL­ASPARTYL­ASPARTYL­ALANYL­THREONYL­VALYL­ALANYL­ISOLEUCYL­ARGINYL­SERYL­ALANYL­ASPARAGINYL­ISOLEUCYL­ASPARAGINYL­LEUCYL­VALYL­ASPARAGINYL­GLUTAMYL­LEUCYL­VALYL­ARGINYL­GLYCYL­THREONYL­GLYCYL­LEUCYL­TYROSYL­ASPARAGINYL­GLUTAMINYL­ASPARAGINYL­THREONYL­PHENYL­ALANYL­GLUTAMYL­SERYL­METHIONYL­SERYL­GLYCYL­LEUCYL­VALYL­TRYPTOPHYL­THREONYL­SERYL­ALANYL­PROLYL­ALANYL­SERINE

= Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Dahlemense Strain.
This word has appeared in the American Chemical Society's Chemical Abstracts and is thus considered by some to be the longest real word.
 
(39) TETRA­METHYL­DIAMINO­BENZHYDRYL­PHOSPHINOUS

= a type of acid.
This is the longest chemical term in the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd Ed.). It does not have its own entry but appears under a citation for another word.
 
(37) FORMALDEHYDE­TETRA­METHYL­AMIDO­FLUORIMUM

Chemical term in the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd Ed.).
 
(37) DIMETHYL­AMIDO­PHENYL­DIMETHYL­PYRAZOLONE

Chemical term in the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd Ed.).
 
(31) DICHLORO­DIPHENYL­TRICHLORO­ETHANE

= a pesticide used to kill lice; abbrv. DDT.
It is the longest word in the Macquarie Dictionary and is also in the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd Ed.).
 
(29) TRINITRO­PHENYL­METHYL­NITRAMINE

= a type of explosive.
This is the longest chemical term in Webster's Dictionary (3rd Ed.).
 
(27) ETHYLENE­DIAMINE­TETRA­ACETATE

The longest unhyphenated word in Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th Ed.), joint with electroencephalographically (see above).
 
(26) ETHYLENE­DIAMINE­TETRA­ACETIC

= a type of acid; abbrv. EDTA.
This word appears in Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th Ed.).

---

Place Names

THAILAND: "Bangkok is a city of extremes and superlatives, a city you do not react to indifferently," says Thailand at a Glance. "Recently declared the world's hottest city by the World Meteorological Organization, it also boasts the world's longest name.

Thailand has beaten challenges from New Zealand and Wales for the world's longest place name.

(163) KRUNG­THEP­MAHA­NAKORN­AMORN­RATANA­KOSIN­MAHINTAR­AYUTTHAY­AMAHA­DILOK­PHOP­NOPPA­RATRAJATHANI­BURIROM­UDOM­RAJANIWES­MAHASAT­HARN­AMORN­PHIMARN­AVATARN­SATHIT­SAKKATTIYA­VISANUKAMPRASIT.

Theppitak separated the words of K161t and translated them as:

• krungthep mahanakorn
  The great city of angels,
• amorn rattanakosin mahintara yutthaya mahadilok phop
  the supreme unconqueralble land of the great immortal divinity (Indra),
• noparat rajathani burirom
  the royal capital of nine noble gems, the pleasant city,
• udomrajaniwes mahasatharn
  with plenty of grand royal palaces,
• amorn phimarn avatarnsathit
  and divine paradises for the reincarnated deity (Vishnu),
• sakkatattiya visanukam prasit
  given by Indra and created by the god of crafting (Visnukarma).

There are many long place names around the world. Here are a few of the largest.

(85) TAUMATA­WHAKA­TANGI­HANGA­KOAUAU­O­TAMATEA­TURIPUKAKA­PIKI­MAUNGA­HORO­NUKU­POKAI­WHENUA­KITANA­TAHU

A hill in New Zealand. This Maori name was in general use, but is now generally abbreviated to Taumata. The name means: the summit of the hill, where Tamatea, who is known as the land eater, slid down, climbed up and swallowed mountains, played on his nose flute to his loved one.

(66) GORSA­FAWDDACH­AIDRAIGODAN­HEDDO­GLEDDOLON­PENRHYN­AREUR­DRAETH­CEREDIGION

A town in Wales. The name means: the Mawddach station and its dragon teeth at the Northern Penrhyn Road on the golden beach of Cardigan bay.

(58) LLAN­FAIR­PWLL­GWYN­GYLL­GOGERY­CHWYRN­DROBWLL­LLANTY­SILIO­GOGO­GOCH

A town in North Wales. The name roughly translates as: St. Mary's Church in the hollow of the white hazel near to the rapid whirlpool of Llantysilio of the red cave. It is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records.

(41) CHAR­GOGAGOG­MAN­CHAR­GOGAGOG­CHAR­BUNA­GUNGAMOG

Another name for Lake Webster in Massachusetts. Probably the longest name in the United States. Alternative spellings are:

(44) CHAR­GOGGAGOGG­MAN­CHAUG­GAGOGG­CHAU­BUNA­GUNGAMOGG,
(45) CHAR­GOGGAGOGG­MAN­CHAUG­GAGOGG­CHAU­BUNA­GUNGAMAUGG,
(44) CHAR­GOGGAGOGG­MAN­CHAUG­GAGOGG­CHA­BUNA­GUNGAMAUGG.
(23) NUNATH­LOOGAGA­MIUT­BINGOI
The Eskimo name for some dunes in Alaska, according to The Book of Names by J. N. Hook.

FOOTNOTE: LA, North America's second largest city, undoubtedly has [almost] the world's shortest place name. But a settlement established there in 1781 was known as El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles de Porciúncula (The Town of Our Lady the Queen of Angels of the Little Portion). Its official name was El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Angeles. If LA went back to using its 55-letter earliest title, it would be a close fourth for the world's LONGEST place name!

http://www.fun-with-words.com/word_longest.html
http://www.fun-with-words.com/longest_place_names.html